cushing wrote:Of course, persuasion, rhetorics and (especially) propaganda often are simply used to cover and hide "manipulation, greed, and worse greed for power".
Bah you started me, sorry for long post, just felt like sharing some thoughts, ignore it if it's too much bla bla (give me a pick and I'll shut down fast lol).
Manipulation and persuasion are two different things but among which there's a confusing area of shared methods.
Manipulation, in my eyes, represents making your opponent do what you want regardless of his own desires and interests.
Persuasion is attempting to make the opponent see your point of view and adhere to it while pursuing his interests and desires.
Manipulation wants you to forget your interests and desires.
Persuasion wants you to adopt a different way to reach your interests and desires.
Manipulation asumes you are less intelligent than your manipulator.
Persuasion asumes you are the same intelligent as your interlocutor only you can be given new data or new interpretation of data.
Manipulation can use rhtoric in all the ways, including deceiving and lieing. Persuasion uses logical structure of rhetoric, it builds demonstrations like you do to prove a new theorema.
In short Manipulation is built on a selfish presumption, while Persuasion is built on a community good one (community might just mean you and me in this context). Manipulation comes from a power position, persuasion builds on a peer to peer position.
We are using persuasion on a daily basis. When we teach our kids to eat with a fork we are persuading them, when we make them read we're persuading them, when we kindly ask our colleague to close a door we're persuading him. Any single word that makes somebody else do something he would not do otherwise is persuasion.
Manipulation versus persuasion can be easiest seen in advertising. Old advertising is a lot based on manipulation. When I tell you my product is the best in the world I blatantly lie (I cannot possibly even know it's the best, or not, and I don't care) modern advertising bets you're cleverer than that and tries by different means to _convince_ you my product is the best.
Manipulation has no limits. Whatever your interest or desire is it can be the subject of your manipulation. Persuasion has boundaries in your object. What I mean: you cannot persuade somebody(object) it is good to jump from a 99 floor window, but nothing can stop you manipulate him to if your desire is that (subject).
The boundaries blurr when it's not clear if your object's desires and interests are coinciding with yours.
Example: I desire my object to work harder for less money. This will be in my interest (manipulation) but can be in the general community interest too and then, later, in his interest as well (persuasion).
Then I can identify manipulation from persuasion only based on the emitent intentions. But intentions are an emotional, interior level; we cannot possibly know 100% what's in a person's mind and conscience.
That's on the spot. Later, when we start knowing the whole context, we can infere much more about these intentions.
If we're in a postwar time when somebody preaches us about working together more for less money, then maybe the preacher is trying to persuade us for our all better good. If we're in a flourishing time when our work only makes his wallet fatter, then probably he tried to manipulate us.
But at t0 when the speech is done we can easily take manipulation for persuasion and vice versa because we lack context defining data.
P.S. Edited because I gave the wrong quote